Regular blood sugar testing is an indispensable part of life for millions of people worldwide who live with diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects metabolism and results in elevated blood sugar levels. This increase can cause serious health problems if left unchecked. Therefore, accurate and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial for the health and well-being of people with diabetes.
In this post, we will discuss in detail how to properly measure your blood sugar for effective diabetes control. From the basic concepts of blood sugar monitoring to advanced technologies, we will cover the various aspects of this important procedure.
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Basics of blood sugar and measurement
Measuring blood sugar properly is an essential part of self-care for people with diabetes. But before we delve into the details of blood sugar measurement, it is important to understand the basic concepts.
Definition and function of blood sugar in the body
Blood sugar, or glucose, is a form of sugar that circulates in the blood and is an important source of energy for the body. When we consume food, it is broken down into its basic components, including glucose, in the digestive tract. This glucose then enters the blood and is used by the cells in the body to produce energy. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps transport glucose from the blood into the cells where it is needed.
Normal blood sugar levels are crucial for good health, as levels that are too high or too low can cause serious issues. High blood sugar levels can cause long-term complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, and vision problems, while low levels can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, shaking, and confusion.
Why is blood sugar monitoring important?
Regular blood glucose monitoring is crucial for people with diabetes to ensure that their blood sugar levels remain within the target range. This enables them to adjust their diabetes therapy to avoid complications and live a healthy life. In addition, blood glucose monitoring can help evaluate the success of lifestyle changes, medications, and other therapies.
Together, these fundamentals provide the foundation for effective blood glucose management. By understanding how glucose works in the body and why monitoring it is important, you can develop a sound approach to managing your blood sugar and improving your health.
Causes of high blood sugar
The importance of maintaining healthy blood sugar levels cannot be overstated. But what causes the high blood sugar levels that people with diabetes experience?
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the pancreas can no longer produce insulin, leading to permanently elevated blood sugar levels. The exact reasons why the immune system attacks its own cells are not yet fully understood, but genetic predisposition and environmental factors play a role in the development of this disease.
People with type 1 diabetes rely on insulin therapy to control their blood sugar levels. They must regularly inject insulin or use an insulin pump to compensate for the lack of insulin production and keep blood sugar levels at a normal level.
Type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells no longer respond properly to the available insulin, resulting in insulin resistance. This type of diabetes is often associated with an unhealthy lifestyle influenced by factors such as a diet high in fat and sugar, a lack of exercise and excess weight.
Being overweight, especially with fat around the abdomen, increases the risk of insulin resistance because fat cells can produce inflammatory substances that affect insulin action. An unhealthy diet high in simple carbohydrates and sugars can also cause blood sugar spikes and increase insulin resistance.
Genetic factors also play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes, and people with a family history of diabetes are at increased risk of developing the condition.
Role of diet and lifestyle on blood sugar
A healthy diet and regular physical activity are crucial for preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes. A diet rich in fiber-rich foods, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and moderate in sugar intake and saturated fat can help keep blood sugar levels stable.
Regular physical activity improves the cells' sensitivity to insulin and helps regulate blood sugar levels. A healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and improve overall health.
Overall, the causes of high blood sugar in diabetes are diverse and can include genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Understanding these causes is crucial for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diabetes and promoting healthy lifestyles for all.
Blood sugar control is important
Different methods of blood glucose monitoring
Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for people with diabetes to maintain their health and prevent complications. There are different methods of blood glucose monitoring, ranging from traditional blood glucose meters to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems.
Traditional blood glucose meters
Traditional blood glucose meters are widely available and easy to use. They consist of a small meter and test strips. The user takes a small blood sample, often by pricking a finger, and applies it to a test strip. The test strip is then inserted into the meter, which displays the blood glucose level.
The way these devices work is based on the reaction of glucose oxidase with the glucose in the blood sample. This results in an electrical signal that is measured by the meter and converted into a blood glucose value. Results are usually available within a few seconds and can provide the user with instant information about their current blood glucose level.
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Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems (CGM)
CGM systems provide continuous blood glucose monitoring by placing a sensor under the skin that continuously measures glucose levels in the tissue. These systems offer a variety of advantages over traditional meters, including continuous monitoring without the need for regular finger pricks, alerts for high or low levels, and the ability to capture trend data over time.
The technology behind CGM systems is complex and involves the use of a sensor that detects glucose molecules in the subcutaneous tissue. This information is then transmitted wirelessly to a receiver or smartphone app, where it is displayed to the user in real time.
Although CGM systems offer many benefits, they are often more expensive than traditional blood glucose meters. They also require some training to use effectively. Nevertheless, they are a valuable option for people with diabetes, especially those who require intensive insulin therapy or have difficulty keeping their blood sugar levels stable.
Overall, both traditional blood glucose meters and continuous glucose monitoring systems provide important tools for monitoring blood glucose levels and supporting effective diabetes management. Choosing the right method depends on the individual needs and preferences of the user and should be done in consultation with a healthcare professional.
Preparing for the measurement
Preparing for blood glucose monitoring is an important step in getting accurate results and avoiding infection. Here are some important points to keep in mind:
- Selecting the right time for the measurement: It is important to measure blood sugar when it is most meaningful. This can be fasting, before meals, after meals, or at other specific times recommended by your doctor.
- Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap to remove dirt, bacteria and residue that could affect the measurement result. Dry your hands carefully before starting the measurement.
- Skin preparation: Clean the puncture site with a disinfected alcohol wipe to reduce the risk of infection. Allow the skin to dry completely before performing the finger prick.
- Choice of puncture site: Choose a suitable site for the finger prick, preferably at the fingertip or tip. Avoid pricking in places that are heavily used or scarred, as this can cause unpleasant pain.
By following these steps, you can ensure that your blood sugar measurement is as accurate and hygienic as possible. This is crucial for effectively managing your diabetes and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Taking a measurement of blood sugar
step-by-step guide
- Prepare your blood glucose meter and test strips.
- Clean the puncture site with a disinfected alcohol wipe.
- Prick the side of your fingertip with the lancet.
- Squeeze a drop of blood onto the test strip and insert it into the meter.
- Wait for the measurement result and, if necessary, note it in your blood sugar diary.
Tips for accurate blood sugar measurement
To get accurate results, it is important to take into account fluctuations in blood sugar levels and to avoid common sources of error. Make sure your hands are clean, your measuring device is calibrated, and your fingers are adequately perfused.
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Interpreting the measurement results
Understand the meaning of your blood sugar values and know how to react to high or low values. A fasting blood sugar level below 100 mg/dl is considered normal, while levels above 126 mg/dl may indicate diabetes.
Blood sugar: how to handle the measurement data
Regularly document your measurement results in a blood sugar diary and use the data to adjust your diabetes therapy. Discuss your results with your doctor or diabetes team to optimize your treatment plan.
Conclusion: blood sugar and measurement
Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is an essential part of diabetes management. By measuring your blood sugar levels correctly and interpreting the results, you can improve your health and reduce the risk of complications. A healthy lifestyle can help you prevent diabetes.
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Preparation time 5 min.
Total time 5 min.
Servings: 1
Ingredients
- 60 g Verival gluten-free Bircher porridge
- 200 ml hot water, milk or gluten-free vegetable drink
- 1/2 apple
- 1 pinch of cinnamon
Preparation
- You can prepare Verival porridges either in a pot, in a microwave or in a kettle.
- Preparation in a pot: Take 60 g of the gluten-free Bircher porridge and put the mixture in the pot.
- Add 200 ml of liquid of your choice and cook the porridge for 3 minutes.
- Remove the pot from the heat and let the porridge steep for another minute.
- Refine your gluten-free porridge with toppings of your choice, such as apple and cinnamon.
Frequently asked questions
What are normal blood sugar levels?
A normal blood sugar chart shows values for fasting blood sugar (before eating) and postprandial blood sugar (after eating). Typically, normal fasting blood sugar levels are between 70 and 100 mg/dl, while postprandial levels below 140 mg/dl are considered normal.
When is the best time to measure blood sugar?
It is advisable to measure blood sugar when it is most representative. This may be before meals, two hours after meals, before bed, or at other specific times recommended by the doctor.
What is the normal blood sugar level?
A normal blood sugar level is typically between 70 and 130 mg/dl before meals and below 180 mg/dl two hours after meals.
How do I know if I have diabetes?
Symptoms of diabetes may include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss despite increased appetite, and blurred vision. If you suspect you have diabetes, it is advisable to have a medical examination.
What does a fasting blood glucose level mean?
The fasting blood glucose level is the glucose level in the blood measured after at least eight hours without food. It provides information about the baseline blood sugar level.
Can physical activity affect the result of the blood sugar measurement?
Yes, physical activity can lower blood sugar levels because muscles use glucose for energy. It is therefore important to measure blood sugar before exercising to avoid hypoglycemia.
How do meals affect blood sugar levels?
Meals can raise blood sugar levels, especially if they are high in carbohydrates. A balanced meal with a combination of carbohydrates, proteins and healthy fats can help keep blood sugar levels stable.
How often should you check your blood sugar?
The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on individual factors such as the type of diabetes, treatment and lifestyle. In general, it is recommended to measure blood glucose several times a day, especially before meals and as needed after meals or at bedtime.
Difference between fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose
Fasting blood glucose is measured after at least eight hours without food intake, while postprandial blood glucose is measured two hours after a meal. Fasting blood glucose provides information about blood sugar levels when you are fasting, while postprandial blood glucose provides information about how carbohydrates are processed after a meal.
